Fig. 3: The first wave of autophagy prevents 400 μM OA-induced lipotoxicity and hepatocytic apoptosis
From: Differential effects of reticulophagy and mitophagy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
HepG2 cells were stimulated by 400 μM OA for 8 h and then were cultured in normal DMEM culture medium for 12 and 24 h. a Oil Red O staining (upper left panel, original magnification, ×400) and intracellular triglyceride levels of cells (upper right panel); representative GFP-LC3 images (lower left panel, original magnification, ×1000) and the percentage of autophagosomes (lower right panel) of the cells. Cells with 5 or more GFP-LC3 puncta were considered to have accumulated autophagosomes. Data are presented as mean ± SEM in three independent experiments. b, e Representative western blotting analysis of LC3 I/II and p62(B) and cleaved PARP fragment e. c Subcellular fractions were subjected to a western blotting assay with indicated antibodies. Lamin B1, HSP60, and calnexin were used as controls for the nuclei (Nuc), mitochondrial (Mito), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fractions, respectively. Total: total lysate of cells. d The levels of LDH release in HepG2 cells were analyzed. Data are presented as mean ± SEM in three independent experiments
