Fig. 2: Proteasome inhibition induces processing of bioactive IL-1β.

a Conditioned media from THP-1 cells pre-treated 2 h with LPS (10 ng/ml) and then stimulated with MG-132 (5 μM), LPS with vehicle or vehicle only for 24 h, were used to stimulate HEK293 null 1 (NF-κB/AP-1 reporter) cells (n = 3) in a 1:2 ratio with DMEM. As a control, 2 ng/ml of recombinant IL-1β was used to stimulate these cells in parallel. Responses were measured in the presence of either media or IL-1Ra (200 ng/ml) pre-treatment. b Supernatants from THP-1 cells stimulated as previously indicated for 24 h were blotted for IL-1β processing (n = 3). c THP-1 supernatants stimulated with LPS or LPS+MG were examined for the appearance of cleaved IL-1β over 24 h (n = 3). Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-test. *** indicates P < 0.001 compared to the IL-1Ra-treated condition