Fig. 2: Extracellular S100A4 inhibits autophagy and promotes cell proliferation in LLC and A549 cells.
From: S100A4 promotes lung tumor development through β-catenin pathway-mediated autophagy inhibition

Cells were treated with Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) to induce starvation. a, b A549 cells were treated with HBSS and S100A4 as indicated. Beclin1 level and LC3-I/II accumulation was determined by western blot analysis. LLC (c) and A549 cells (f) were treated with or without 1 μg/ml S100A4 in serum-containing medium or HBSS for 4 h. Treated cells were collected and analyzed for p62, Beclin1, Bax, LC3-I/II and GAPDH expression by western blot. Real-time PCR data of the mRNA expression of Beclin1, LC3-I/II, p62 and ATG5 in LLC (d) and A549 cells (g). Cell viability of LLC (e) and A549 cells (h) treated with HBSS and S100A4 was measured using a CCK-8 kit. i Representative electron microscopy of cells treated with or without 1 μg/ml S100A4 in serum-containing medium or HBSS for 4 h. j S100A4 levels in LLC and A549 cells were determined by western blot (tumor section was used as a positive control). Scale bar, 0.25 μm; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01