Fig. 1: FoxO3A accumulates into the mitochondria in metabolically stressed cell lines and normal tissues.

a Immunogold labeling of HeLa cells cultured in high glucose (HG) or switched to low glucose (LG, 0.75 mM glucose) for 24 h. Black dots represent gold particles recognizing FoxO3A immunocomplexes. b, c Immunoblot analysis of mitochondria isolated from HCT116 cells upon b LG (24 h) and c 2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) treatment (1 mM, 6 h). Mitochondrial fractions were treated with proteinase K (PK) to degrade outer mitochondrial membrane proteins. PDH: loading control. d, e Immunoblot analysis of mitochondrial fractions isolated from Caco2, HT29, SW-480 and HEK293 (d) and from NIH3T3 and MEF murine fibroblasts (e) cultured in LG (24 h). Mitochondrial fractions were treated with PK alone or with PK and Triton X-100 to permeabilize mitochondria and degrade all mitochondrial proteins. BCL2: outer membrane control; PDH: mitochondrial matrix control. f Immunoblot analysis of mitochondria-enriched fractions isolated from murine kidney and liver and subjected to PK or combined PK and Triton X-100 treatment. PDH: mitochondrial matrix control. The presented results are representative of at least three independent experiments