Fig. 4: 5-bezyl hydantoin (5bh) prevents necroptosis in vitro and in vivo.

a Murine tubular cells (MCTs) were treated with TNFα/TWEAK/IFNγ plus zVAD (compare Fig. 1b) in the presence of 500 µm 5-bh and PI exclusion was measured. b, c Similar to phenytoin, and necrostatin-1 (which represents another member of the hydantoin family), 5-bh also protects against morphological criteria of renal damage in a standard model of renal IRI. In line with this finding, functional markers of acute kidney injury either demonstrated a non-significant trend towards protection (d) or reached statistical significance in the case of the most often used marker of serum creatinine (e). Statistical significance was indicated when p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.01 (**), n = 7−8 per group unless otherwise indicated. Scale bars = 50 µm