Fig. 4: RA inhibited Ti-particle-induced mouse calvarial osteolysis in vivo.

a Representative micro-CT and 3D reconstructed images from each group are shown (n = 6 per group). b The BV/TV and the percentage of total porosity of each group were measured. c TRAP staining was used to access RA prevention of titanium-particle-induced murine calvarial osteolysis. TRAP-positive osteoclasts were indicated by black arrows. d The number of TRAP-positive cells per field of tissue was determined. e CTSK staining was used to evaluate RA prevention of titanium-particle-induced murine calvarial osteolysis. CTSK-positive osteoclasts were indicated by black arrows. f The number of CTSK-positive cells per field of tissue was calculated (magnifications: ×100; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)