Fig. 7: The expression profile of miR199a-5p in the livers of diabetes patients.

a-d The levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in diabetes patients. e, f The expression levels of miR199a-5p and Atg14. g Representative electron microscopic images and quantification of autophagosome/autolysosome vacuoles per field in the EM images in diabetes patients. Arrows indicate autophagosomes/autolysosomes. The two-tailed Student's t-test was applied to determine the difference between the diabetes group and the control group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, t-test, n = 8. h Schematic model in which miR199a-5p inhibits hepatic insulin sensitivity via suppressing ATG14-mediated autophagy. We propose that miR199a-5p inhibits ATG14-mediated autophagy, suppresses hepatic insulin sensitivity and eventually leads to insulin resistance, which is a key diabetogenic factor