Fig. 1: CCL4 does not augment RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.

a Mouse monocytes were differentiated in the presence of recombinant (a) M-CSF (30 ng/ml), (b) M-CSF (30 ng/ml) + RANKL (50 ng/ml), (c) M-CSF (30 ng/ml) + CCL4 (10 ng/ml), or (d) M-CSF (30 ng/ml) + RANKL (50 ng/ml) + CCL4 (10 ng/ml) for 6 days. Osteoclast cells were induced by M-CSF + RANKL treatment, but the differentiated cells were not altered by the addition of CCL4 treatment. The cells were stained for TRAP. b TRAP-positive cells were counted as osteoclasts (≥3 nuclei). Gene-expression profiles related to osteoclasts were determined by real-time PCR. c Expression of cathepsin K; d expression of MMP9. The data are presented as the mean ± S.D. (n = 3; *P-value < 0.05, one-way ANOVA)