Fig. 1: OC inhibits the proliferation of parental and GEM-resistant PC cells by inducing G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis.

The cell viability of the parental human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 and its GEM-resistant cell line MIA-RES were exposed to different concentrations of GEM a and OC b for 48 h, which were determined by a CCK8 assay. MIA PaCa-2 c and MIA-RES cells d were treated with indicated concentrations of OC for 24, 48 h, and subjected to flow cytometry analysis using propidium iodide staining. Data are expressed as the means ± SD of triplicate assays compared with the controls. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. MIA-RES cells were treated with OC for the indicated time periods e and concentrations f, and subjected to western blotting analysis using the indicated antibodies. β-actin was used as the protein loading control.