Fig. 7: The effect of TAK1 siRNA on S. Typhimurium-induced autophagy.

HeLa cells were transfected with control or TAK1 siRNA. After incubation for 48 h, the cells were left uninfected or infected with S. Typhimurium (10 MOI). After incubation for 2 h, the cell lysates were prepared and analyzed for the levels of p62 and LC3 and for the phosphorylation of AMPKT172, ULK1S555, ULK1S317, and ACCS79 by western blot with the indicated antibodies or the antibodies against total proteins after stripping. Relative protein and phosphorylation levels were analyzed by quantification of the density of the protein bands with NIH Image-J software and presented as bar graphs. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared to uninfected control; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, compared to S. Typhimurium infection