Fig. 3: The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is regulated by various factors, including proteins, lncRNAs, miRNAs, plant extracts and small molecules. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 3: The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is regulated by various factors, including proteins, lncRNAs, miRNAs, plant extracts and small molecules.

From: Hedgehog signalling in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma, and its potential value in the clinical therapy of osteosarcoma

Fig. 3

The Hh pathway is constitutively active in various human cancers. Effective inhibitors of the Hh signalling pathway are used to suppress the inappropriate activation of the Hh pathway, which is beneficial and can be used for clinical therapies of human cancer. In this figure, we have summarised some factors, such as kinases, transcriptional factors, glycoproteins and proapoptotic or anti-apoptotic factors, that are involved in the abnormal activation of Hh signalling. Receptor of activated kinase 1 (RACK1), the Rab family of GTPases (Rab23), NIMA-related expressed kinase 2A (Nek2A), galectin-1 (Gal-1), beta1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (beta1,4-Gal-T1), nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1), Mastermind-like 1 (Maml1), Beta1 integrin (ITGB1), growth arrest-specific gene 1 (Gas1), Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3)

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