Fig. 1: GW4869 suppresses starvation-induced autophagy. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 1: GW4869 suppresses starvation-induced autophagy.

From: Activation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 by starvation induces cell-protective autophagy via an increase in Golgi-localized ceramide

Fig. 1

a Inhibitors of ceramide-producing enzymes. b Modulation of LC3 turnover by treatment with the nSMase2 inhibitor GW4869. PC12 cells were untreated or pretreated with each agent (5 μM GW4869, 10 μM FB1, 5 μM myriocin, 10 μM desipramine, or vehicle) for 1 h and then starved with each inhibitor in the presence or absence of 50 μM chloroquine (CQ) for 2 h. LC3 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were analyzed by immunoblot assay. LC3-II levels were normalized to GAPDH levels. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Significant differences, **p < 0.01; NS, not significant c Reduced LC3 puncta formation by GW4869. PC12 cells were pretreated with each agent (5 μM GW4869, 10 μM FB1, or the vehicle) for 1 h and then incubated with HBSS or growth medium for 2 h with each inhibitor or vehicle. LC3 puncta were detected by immunofluorescence assay using anti-LC3 antibody. Scale bar = 5 μm

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