Fig. 2: AGEs-induced mitochondrial abnormalities in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

a, b Representative images showing MitoSOX staining and quantification in the indicated groups. Scale bars = 100 μm. c, d Representative images with TMRM staining and quantification in the indicated groups. Scale bars = 100 μm. e ATP production in the indicated groups. f–h Representative images of mitochondrial morphology, and measurements of mitochondrial length and density in the indicated groups. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 15) Scale bars = 10 μm. i–n Representative immunoreactive bands and quantification of immunoreactive bands for Drp1, Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1, and Fis1 in osteoblasts in the presence of AGES. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 6). Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure 4