Fig. 6: FPS-ZM1 attenuated AGEs-induced mitochondrial abnormalities in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

a, b Representative images showing MitoSOX staining and quantification in the indicated groups. Scale bars = 100 μm. c, d Representative images showing TMRM staining and quantification in the indicated groups. Scale bars = 100 μm. e ATP production in the indicated groups. f–h Representative images of mitochondrial morphology, and measurements of mitochondrial length and density in the indicated groups. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 15). Scale bars = 10 μm. i–k Representative immunoreactive bands for Opa1 and Fis1 in osteoblastic cells in the presence of AGEs. Quantification of immunoreactive bands for Opa1 and Fis1 relative to β-actin. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 6). Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure 4