Fig. 4: HUC-MSCs infusion induced M2 macrophage polarization and suppressed inflammation in pancreatic islets.

a For flow cytometry analysis, freshly obtained pancreases were dissected and digested into the pellets, which were then incubated with F4/80-PE, CD11c-APC, and CD206- FITC antibodies. F4/80⁺ cells were selected for CD11c⁺ and CD206⁺ screening, proportions of which were shown in b and c, respectively. The proportion of CD11c⁺ and CD206⁺ double-positive cells were shown in d. e Photomicrographs of representative islet stained with anti-CD11c (green) and anti- IL-1β (red) antibodies from the T2D group. The dotted line circled area is pancreatic islet. Scale bar, 50 μm. f Photomicrographs of representative islets stained with anti-insulin (green) and anti-IL-1β (red) antibodies from the three groups. Scale bar, 100 μm. Quantification of IL-1β⁺ cells was shown in g and determined by evaluating islets from at least five sections of each group. PE phycoerythrin, APC allophycocyanin, FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor α