Fig. 6: Effects of APN on MIAPaCa-2 cells.

a Effects of AdipoRon and APN on the phosphorylation of AMPK and p38 MAPK. The cells were treated with 100 μM AdipoRon or 20 μg/ml APN for the indicated time periods. β-Actin was used as a loading control. b Effects of AdipoRon and APN on survival. The cells were treated with 100 μM AdipoRon or 20 μg/ml APN for 40 h. c Morphology of the cells treated with vehicle alone, 100 μM AdipoRon or 20 μg/ml APN for 40 h. Bar: 200 μm. d Effects of AdipoRon and APN on [Ca2+]i accumulation. The cells loaded with Fluo4-AM were treated with 100 μM AdipoRon or 20 μg/ml APN. Ionomycin (1 μM) was used as a positive control. BG: background. e Effects of AdipoRon and APN on [Ca2+]mt accumulation. The cells loaded with Rhod2-AM and MitoTracker Green were treated with 100 μM AdipoRon or 20 μg/ml APN. Bar: 50 μm. f Effects of AdipoRon and APN on mtROS generation. The cells loaded with MitoSOX Red were treated with 100 μM AdipoRon or 20 μg/ml APN. BG: background. g Effects of AdipoRon and APN on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The cells were treated with 100 μM AdipoRon or 20 μg/ml APN for the indicated time periods. β-Actin was used as a loading control. For b, error bars represent standard deviation. *P < 0.001 by ANOVA test. Full size images of the western blots presented are shown in Figure S13