Fig. 1: SNL upregulates Munc13-1 expression in presynaptic plasma membranes of dorsal horn accompanied with allodynia.

a, b Representative Western blot and statistical analyses (normalized to GAPDH and N-Cad, respectively) demonstrating that compared with the sham operation group (Sham), spinal nerve ligation (SNL) increased Munc13-1 expression in the total homogenate (a) and synaptic plasma membranes (b) of the ipsilateral (I and IPSI), but not the contralateral (C and CONTRA), dorsal horn at days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after operation. IB immunoblotting, SPM IB synaptic plasma membranes immunoblotting. **P < 0.01 compared with Sham IPSI. ##P < 0.01 compared with day −1 (n = 6). c When compared with the sham operation group, SNL decreased the withdrawal threshold of the ipsilateral (IPSI) but not the contralateral (CONTRA) hind-paw at days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after operation (von Frey test). **P < 0.01 compared with Sham IPSI. ##P < 0.01 compared with day −1 (n = 7). d, e In the dorsal horn (L4-5) samples. At day 7 post operation, SNL (SNL 7D) increased the immunofluorescence of Munc13-1 (red) in the ipsilateral dorsal horn (IPSI) that colocalized with synaptophysin (green, a presynaptic marker) but not homer1 (green, a postsynaptic marker). Scale bar = 50 μm. Thickness = 30 μm. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM