Fig. 10: Inhibited the integrin β3/FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, the role of rhMFG-E8 on neuroprotection was evaluated by Fluoro-Jade C (FJC), brain water content, and neurological severity score at 24 h after TBI.

Representative immunofluorescence staining images of FJC (green). The boundary of injury cortex was labeled by the red trajectory (a). The results showed treatment of rhMFG-E8 decreased the amount of FJC-positive cells, while increased it by Integrin β3 siRNA and LY294002 (5 and 20 µM) at 24 h after TBI (b). Diagram of coronal rat brain section showing the location of lesion cavity (red) and photograph region (red squares) (c). Administration of rhMFG-E8 decreased brain edema in the ipsilateral cortex, meanwhile decreased the neurological severity score at 24 h after TBI, while integrin β3 siRNA and LY294002 (5 and 20 µM) inverted the role of rhMFG-E8 on neuroprotection following TBI (d, e). The quantitative data are the mean ± SD (n = 6 each; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. TBI + Vehicle group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. TBI + rhMFG-E8 group; ^nsP > 0.05). Bar = 20 µm