Fig. 2: Silencing of NDRG2 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo.

a Attenuated NDRG2 protein expression by knockdown of NDRG2 mRNA. Silencing NDRG2 expression promoted cell growth (b) colony formation (c) and cell migration as determined by a wound-healing assay (d) in SACC cell lines (magnification × 400). Suppression of NDRG2 expression enhanced the invasive capacity (e) of SACC cells in a Transwell assay (magnification × 100). f Tumor volumes were compared between xenograft tumors (n = 5) induced by SACC-LM-NDRG2-sh1 and SACC-LM-con cells. g Images of the xenograft tumors arisen from the subcutaneous injection of SACC-LM-NDRG2-sh1 cells and SACC-LM-con cells. Tumor weights were compared between the SACC-LM-NDRG2-sh1 and SACC-LM-con groups. h The macroscopic characteristics of metastatic nodules to lungs induced by SACC-LM-NDRG2-sh1 and SACC-LM-con in nude mice (n = 6). i The weights of lungs with metastatic nodules arisen from SACC-LM-NDRG2-sh1 and SACC-LM-con cells (P < 0.01). j The histopathologic analysis, by HE staining, of metastases induced by SACC-LM-NDRG2-sh1 and SACC-LM-con cells in lung tissues (original magnifications × 100). (* necrosis). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001