Fig. 5: Increased intracellular autophagy levels associated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of LDH induced by As2O3.

a Autophagic flux analysis. b The effect of 3-MA on the expression of CTSB, caspase-1 activation, and production of IL-1β in As2O3-treated HepG2 cells. b–e Densitometric analyses of CTSB, NLRP3, caspase-1 p20, and IL-1β. c Effects of As2O3 and 3-MA on LDH release rate in HepG2 cells. Values are mean ± SD, and n = 3. *P < 0.05 compared with the control group, #P < 0.05 compared with the As2O3 group