Fig. 4: Plasma treatment increased DOX uptake by inducing SLC22A16 expression.

a Representative images and b quantification of DOX (5 µM) autofluorescence in SK-MEL 28 cells pretreated for 5 h followed by cold plasma exposure. c, d Quantification of intracellular DOX levels in SK-MEL 28 and Panc 1 cells, respectively. e, f Relative fold change in mRNA expression levels of ABCG2 and SLC22A16 in SK-MEL 28 and PANC 1 cells at 6 h following plasma exposure. Data are mean + SEM from three independent experiments. Significance determined by unpaired Student’s t-test with Welch’s correction (b, e, f) or one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test for multiple comparisons (c, d). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n.s. not significant. Scale bar: 100 µm