Fig. 6: Blocking autophagy enhanced antitumor effect of fisetin.

a Co-treatment with fisetin and autophagy inhibitors 3-MA or CQ resulted in decreased cell viability. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. Cells were pre-treated with 3-MA (5 mM) or CQ (40 μM) for 4 h, followed by fisetin (200 μM) for 48 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD; **P ≤ 0.01. b Expression of LC3B after co-treatment with fisetin and 3-MA or CQ. c Proposed model of the endoplasmic reticulum stress- and mitochondrial stress-dependent autophagy signaling pathway in response to fisetin