Fig. 6: Nucleolar stress triggers β-DG ICD and disturbs rRNA expression and ribosome profile.

a Lysates from control (ctrl, untreated) cells or cells induced to nucleolar stress response by H2O2 treatment, UV irradiation or acidosis (pH 6) (see Methods for details) were analyzed by western blotting using specific antibodies against β-DG, UBF, B23, p53, and α-tubulin. b Quantification of β-DG ICD/β-DG full-length ratio and UBF levels was carried out using α-tubulin as loading control. Results correspond to the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments with p values denoting significant differences (ordinary one-way ANOVA). c The 45 S rRNA precursor expression was assessed by qRT-PCR using GAPDH as endogenous control. The expression levels obtained in control cells were set at 1 for comparison. Data correspond to the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments with duplicates; p values denoted significant differences (unpaired t-test). d Ribosome profiling from control and H2O2-treated cells are shown. e Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays on control and H2O2-treated C2C12 cells were performed, with specific antibody against β-DG (Mandag), followed by SYBR green-based qPCR assays for the promoter, 5.8 S and IGS (intergenic sequence) regions of rDNA gene. Scheme of rDNA gene regulatory regions is shown at the top