Fig. 1: The process of lysine methylation and demethylation.

Lysine (K) methylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. Generally, the lysine ε-amino groups can accept up to three methyl groups, resulting in mono-, di-, or trimethyllysine. Lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) catalyze the addition of methyl groups to substrates, while lysine demethylases (KDMs) remove methyl groups. K, lysine; PTM, post-translational modification; KMTs, lysine methyltransferases; KDMs, Lysine methyltransferases