Fig. 5: Effects of baicalein on tumor onset, growth, and lung metastasis in MMTV/PyMT mice.

Female MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice were treated with vehicle or baicalein (30 mg kg⁻¹) intraperitoneally after weaning (at the fourth week) twice weekly (n = 10 per group). Tumor number and volume were measured twice a week. a Kaplan–Meier survival plot for the percent of mice with palpable tumors. The curves differed significantly between the baicalein-treated and the control groups (n = 10, log-rank test). b Average number of tumors per animal (n = 10). c Total tumor volume per animal (n = 10). d Average tumor volume per animal (n = 10). e Representative images of tumor sections stained with H&E, ×400. Scale bars: 50 μm. f Representative photographs of dissected lungs (×1). g Number of lung metastatic nodules per mouse (n = 6). h H&E staining of metastatic lung tissues (×100). Scale bars: 100 μm. i Area of lung metastatic foci (n = 6). Results represent the mean areas of lung metastatic foci from photographs of H&E-stained sections (n = 6). j Kaplan–Meier survival plot for MMTV-PyMT mice. The survival curves differed significantly between the baicalein-treated and control groups (n = 10, log-rank test). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001