Fig. 7: R406 synergistically enhances TMZ cytotoxicity against GSCs in vitro and in vivo. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 7: R406 synergistically enhances TMZ cytotoxicity against GSCs in vitro and in vivo.

From: R406 elicits anti-Warburg effect via Syk-dependent and -independent mechanisms to trigger apoptosis in glioma stem cells

Fig. 7

a Cell viability of GSCs after treatment with either R406 alone, TMZ alone or combination of two agents was measured using Muse cell analyzer. Quantification analysis demonstrated that combination of R406 and TMZ was superior to monotherapy with the single agent. b Combination of R406 and TMZ significantly delayed subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo compared to monotherapy. c IHC for tumor sections demonstrated that addition of R406 to TMZ decreased the numbers of proliferative cells, which were positive for Ki-67 (white arrow). d Protein was extracted from xenograft specimens and allocated for Western blot. Enhanced activation of caspase 3 was found in mice treated with combination of R406 and TMZ. e R406 plus TMZ significantly prolonged the survival of mice in the orthotopic model compared to monotherapy either with R406 or TMZ alone. (NS not significant; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001, statistical difference compared to the control. ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001, statistical difference compared to the group treated with the combination of R406 and TMZ.)

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