Fig. 3: Overexpression of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.

(a) Differentially expressed genes between Hepa1-6 and Hepa1-6/Cav-1 displayed by a scatter diagram. x and y axes show the gene expression values; blue indicates downregulated genes, orange indicates upregulated genes, and brown indicates genes with nonsignificant differences; the screening condition is provided in the legend. b Statistical scatter plot of differential gene pathway enrichment for Hepa1-6 cells and Hepa1-6/Cav-1 cells. The Q value is the P value after multiple hypothesis test corrections, ranging from 0 to 1; the closer to zero the value is, the more significant is the enrichment. c There were 25 genes in the MAPK pathway with expression changes, 22 of which were upregulated in Hepa1-6/Cav-1 cells. d Western blot assay was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal–regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 after overexpression of Cav-1 in Hepa1-6 cells and after knockdown of Cav-1 in Hca-F cells. GAPDH served as a loading control. Statistical comparison using t test: **P < 0.01