Fig. 8: Schematic illustrating the pathogenesis underlying the disease phenotype of MLP-deficiency in MLP KO hESC-CMs.

Abnormal calcium handling and elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations are the central mechanism for pathogenesis of HCM and HF in MLP KO hESC-CMs. LTCC, L-type calcium channels; NCX, sodium-calcium exchange pump; CaM, Calmodulin; CnA, calcineurin