Fig. 4: Silencing STAT3 reduces accumulation of collagen and expression of pro-fibrotic signaling molecules in kidney tissue of diabetic mice.

The animal treatment and groups were described in Fig. 3 and Methods section; n = 7 in each group. a Siriu’s red staining of kidney tissue (indicated by arrows); shown are representative images from 7 mice per group, 400× amplification. b Quantification of collagen accumulation from the sirius red stained images using Image J software; values reported as normalized to Ctrl; c Quantitative real-time PCR determination of collagen IV, TGF-β1, ACE, and AT1 mRNA in mouse kidney tissues; values normalized to house-keeping gene β-actin and reported relative to one of mice in Ctrl group. d Effects of STAT3 knockdown on STAT3 activation and related protein expression in mouse kidney tissues. Shown are representative western blots of ACE, AT1, TGF-β, and VEGF; GAPDH as a loading control. e Corresponding densitometric analysis of blots in e values normalized to loading control GAPDH or STAT3 and reported relative to Ctrl. For b, c, e, data are presented as means ± SEM, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001 versus AAV2/2-NC; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 versus AAV2/2-NC+STZ