Fig. 2: HUVECs-derived EVs showed a protective effect on OGD-treated neurons in a coculture assay.

a–c Characterization of EVs isolated from HUVECs by transmission electronic microscope (TEM) a. The size of EVs was assessed by nano series-nano-ZS analysis b. In c, total proteins of EVs and HUVEC lysates were prepared, and the levels of CD63, CD9, Alix, VDAC1, Lamin A/C, and calreticulin were determined by Western blotting. d HUVECs-derived EVs were labeled with DiI and incubated with primary neurons for 12 h. Tau was stained to label axons in neurons. e–g Primary neurons were treated by OGD and incubated with PBS or EVs. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay e. The protein level of activated Caspase-3 (aCasp3) was determined by Western blotting f (n = 3). LDH release in the culture supernatant was evaluated g. Bars = means ± s.e.m, n = 5. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.