Fig. 5: Loss of Sema7A reduces EndMT in vivo.

Carotid artery exposed to d-flow from Sema7A+/+ and Sema7A−/− mice were immunofluorescently stained for various endothelial–mesenchymal marker combinations as indicated (a) CD31 (red)/α-SMA (green), (b) CD31 (red)/FSP-1 (green), (c) VWF (red)/α-SMA (green), and DAPI (blue) 1 week after PCL, scale bar = 50 µm. The first column is the sham group, the second column is the single channel stained with CD31 or VWF, the third column is the merge channel stained with CD31 + SMA, CD31 + FSP, or VWF + SMA, and the fourth column is the enlarged image of the box in the third column. Co-positive cells per × 60 field were counted and shown on the right (upside). Quantification of CD31 or VWF fluorescence intensity of intima is shown on the right (downside). Data are mean ± SEM, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. d Carotid artery exposed to d-flow from Sema7A+/+ and Sema7A−/− mice were immunofluorescently stained for ATF3 (green) and CD31 (red). The first column is the single channel stained with ATF3, the second column is the enlarged image of the box in the first column, the third column is the merge channel (CD31 + ATF3), and the fourth column is the enlarged image of the box in the third column. Quantification of ATF3 fluorescence intensity of intima is shown on the right. Data are mean ± SEM, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.