Fig. 2: ALV-J infection and the overexpression of GADD45β inhibits autophagy.

a DF-1 cells or CEF cells were pretreated with 1 μM Rapa for 2 h prior to being infected with ALV-J for 24 h. Expression levels of gp37, LC3B, SQSTM1, and Atg5 were analyzed using western blotting. The chart (a′) shows the quantification of LC3II/β-actin, SQSTM1/β-actin and Atg5/β-actin in (a). b DF-1 cells or CEF cells were transfected with a GADD45β overexpression plasmid and pretreated with Rapa. The expression levels of LC3, SQSTM1, and Atg5 were analyzed using western blotting. The chart (b′) shows the quantification of LC3II/β-actin, SQSTM1/β-actin and Atg5/β-actin in (b). c DF-1 cells were transfected with a GFP-LC3B plasmid for 18 h and either infected with ALV-J or transfected with pRK5-flag-GADD45β for 24 h separately. The number of GFP-LC3B-labeled autophagosomes (green) was observed using confocal microscopy in the presence or absence of Rapa stimulation. The chart (c′) shows the GFP-LC3 fluorescence aggregation point of per cell in (c). Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experimental repeats.