Fig. 5: 20(S)-Rh2E2 induces S-phase cell cycle arrest through regulation of Cdks/Cyclins and Cdks inhibitors expression. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 5: 20(S)-Rh2E2 induces S-phase cell cycle arrest through regulation of Cdks/Cyclins and Cdks inhibitors expression.

From: Novel ginsenoside derivative 20(S)-Rh2E2 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and in vitro via intervention of cancer cell energy metabolism

Fig. 5

a Effects of 20(S)-Rh2E2 and 20(R)-Rh2E2 on cell cycle progression in LLC-1 cancer cells. Exponentially growing LLC-1 cells were synchronized in serum-free medium for 24 h. Then the cells were incubated with the 80 µM 20(S)-Rh2E2 or 80 µM 20(R)-Rh2E2 for 48 h. The cell cycle progression was evaluated using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis. The bar chart indicated the results of quantitative analysis of cell-cycle distribution (% of cell population). Mean ± SEM were from three independent experiments (One-way ANOVA: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). b Effect of 20(S)-Rh2E2 and 20(R)-Rh2E2 on expression level of S phase specific Cdks/Cyclins. LLC-1 cells were treated with 20(S)/(R)-Rh2E2 (40 µM, 60 µM, 80 µM) for 24 h, respectively. Representative immunoblots and the protein quantification are shown; mean ± S.D., n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, one-way ANOVA analysis.

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