Fig. 5: Effect of A-485 on gluconeogenesis in primary mouse hepatocytes.

a Primary mouse hepatocytes were incubated with 3 μM A-485 and 100 μM 8-Br-cAMP in glucose-free DMEM containing gluconeogenic substrates (1 mM sodium pyruvate and 10 mM sodium lactate) for 24 h. The cell culture supernatants were collected for measuring glucose content. b–d mRNA expressions of gluconeogenic genes in primary mouse hepatocytes treated with 3 μM A-485 and 100 μM 8-Br-cAMP for 8 h. e, f Protein expression of PEPCK in primary mouse hepatocytes incubated 3 μM A-485 and 100 μM 8-Br-cAMP for 8 and 16 h. g–j Glucose production and gluconeogenic gene mRNA expressions in primary mouse hepatocytes treated with 3 μM A-485 and 2 mM metformin in the presence of 100 μM 8-Br-cAMP. Data are expressed as means ± SEM for three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control (CON), metformin (Met) alone, or A-485 alone group.