Fig. 8: Effect of rIL-1β and rIL-18 on tube formation, cell proliferation, and migration in HRMVECs and HRMVPCs.

a, b The average number of tube-like structures in HRMVECs for each field was statistically analyzed in the PBS, rIL-18, and rIL-1β groups (n = 3 wells/group). c–h CCK8 assay and BrdU labeling assay were performed to detect the proliferation of HRMVECs and HRMVPCs treated with PBS, rIL-18, or rIL-1β. The ratio of BrdU-positive cells was calculated in five to eight different regions. i–k A wound-healing migration assay was used to measure the horizontal migration of HRMVECs (n = 7 regions/group) and HRMVPCs (n = 4–5 regions/group). l–n Transwell assays were used to detect the vertical migration of HRMVECs (n = 19–22 regions/group) and HRMVPCs (n = 9–11 regions/group). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments and were analyzed by two-tailed Student’s t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.