Fig. 3: BMP4 overexpression rescues BMP4 target gene expression.

a–e mRNA levels of Smad6and Id genes in E8.5 non-BMP4 Tg and BMP4 Tg embryos from nondiabetic (ND) or diabetes mellitus (DM) dams. Quantification of relative expression levels of Smad6, Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4 was shown in the graphs. Experiments were performed using three embryos from three different dams per group (n = 3); * indicates significant difference compared to the other groups (P < 0.05) in one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey tests. ND: nondiabetic; DM: diabetes mellitus.