Fig. 5: M2b macrophages inducing tumor cell migration and IDO1 expression through TNFα in vitro.

a Real-time cell analysis curve of 4T1 cell incubated with different RAW264.7 macrophage conditional medium (NC as control, Bev, bevacizumab). b Representative transwell migration images of 4T1 attracted by conditioned medium from different RAW264.7 macrophage. Scale bar, 200 μm. c Quantitative evaluation of number of migrated cells in b. n = 3. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 by t test. Error bars represent s.d. each transwell assay were independently repeated three times. d ELISA for analyzing the level of secreted TNFα in RAW264.7 cells under bevacizumab, either alone or in combination with LPS treatment. n = 3. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 by t test. Error bars represent s.d. e qRT-PCR of IDO1 mRNA levels in tumor tissues of 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week. n = 3. **, P < 0.01 by t test. Error bars represent s.d. f Flow cytometry analysis of intracellular IDO1 expression in 4T1 cells incubated with different RAW264.7 macrophage conditional medium added 6 ng/ml anti-TNFα nanobody or not.