Fig. 7: Silencing of circRACGAP1 sensitizes GC cells to apatinib in vitro and in vivo via modulating autophagy.

a, b Apoptosis was detected in BGC-823 and HGC-27 cells cotransfected with circRACGAP1 siRNA or control siRNA, and ATG7 plasmid or pcDNA3.1 plasmid by the TUNEL assay. Then, the cells were co-cultured with or without 40 µM apatinib for 30 h. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 compared with the control group without apatinib treatment. ^P < 0.05; ^^P < 0.01 compared with the apatinib group cotransfected with pcDNA3.1 plasmid and si control. #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01 compared with the apatinib group cotransfected with pcDNA3.1 plasmid and si circRACGAP1-1 or si circRACGAP1-2. c–e Tumor xenograft model in nude mice bearing BGC-823 cells stably transfected with circRACGAP1 shRNA lentivirus or control shRNA lentivirus. The mice were randomly divided into control group and apatinib group. Tumor volumes (c) and tumor weights (e) in the different groups (n = 5 per subgroup). Photograph of tumors (d) in mice were taken. f Autophagosomes were observed by TEM in tumor xenografts. Bar scale, 500 nm (enlarged). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.