Fig. 3: Gentamicin exposure caused mitochondrial fragmentation in human renal cells.
From: Cross organelle stress response disruption promotes gentamicin-induced proteotoxicity
Cells stained with MitoTracker Red were converted to greyscale and color inverted to improve mitochondrial visualization. a Untreated control with healthy mitochondria. b GGA exposure alone did not significantly alter mitochondrial morphology. c Gentamicin (GENTA) caused significant mitochondrial fragmentation. d GGA (GENTA + GGA) inhibited gentamicin-induced mitochondrial fragmentation; bar = 5 µm. e Gentamicin caused significant fragmentation evidenced by an increased perimeter:area ratio of mitochondria per cell; GGA prevented this change; n = 12–18. f Protection against gentamicin-induced mitochondrial fragmentation by GGA was independent of de novo mitochondrial biogenesis as measured by percentage of cell area containing mitochondria; n = 12–18. g Gentamicin-induced mitochondrial fragmentation correlated with an increase in both the steady-state level of pro-fission p-ser637 Drp-1 as well as the p-Drp-1:total Drp-1 ratio. h GGA significantly reduced the p-ser637 Drp-1:total Drp-1 ratio in gentamicin-exposed cells; *P < 0.05; n = 6.
