Fig. 4: The ERK1/2 pathway controls CSC phenotypes in CD44(+) HNSCC cells.

a Phospho-RTK protein array analysis using CD44(+) and CD44(−) cells. b Western blotting of CD44, Nanog, phosphorylated ERK1/2, total ERK2, phosphorylated JNK1/2, total JNK2, phosphorylated p38, total p38, and β-actin in CD44(+) and CD44(−) cells. c Western blotting of total ERK1/2, total ERK1, total ERK2, CD44, and Nanog in CD44(+) cells transduced with sh.ERK1/2 or sh.Scr. d IF of CD44(+) cells transduced with sh.ERK1/2 or sh.Scr for CD44 and Nanog. e Single cell assay and f colony formation assay of CD44(+) SCC-15 and QLL-1 cells following transduction with sh.ERK1/2 or sh.Scr. g Migration and Invasion assay of CD44(+) SCC-15, SCC-25, and QLL-1 cells following transduction with sh.ERK1/2 or sh.Scr. h Western blotting of ERK1/2, N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, Zeb1, and β-actin and immunofluorescent images of N-cadherin and Snail staining in CD44(+) cells transduced with sh.ERK1/2 or sh.Scr. Scale bar = 20 µm. Error bars represent standard deviation. *p < 0.05.