Fig. 3: Berberine suppressed intestinal tissue fibrosis through interfering with OSM-mediated signaling pathway.

a Representative images of picrosirius red staining of colonic tissue. b Representative images of immunohistochemistry staining with α-SMA (upper) and western blot assay of α-SMA expression (bottom). c Gene expression of OSM, OSMR, FAP, and PDPN by RT-PCR. d The expression level of OSM and OSMR, visualized and separated by agarose gel. e OSM levels in serum, full-thickness colon culture, colonic homogenates, and fecal extracts by ELISA. f Western blot assay of the expression level of OSM, OSMR, and OSM-mediated downstream signaling pathway. g Representative images of immunofluorescence staining with OSMR and p-STAT1. Data were presented as the mean ± SEM and n = 15 mice per group. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, compared with the vehicle group, were measured by one-way ANOVA.