Fig. 5: COVID-19 Patients with unfavorable outcome after tocilizumab infusion did not improved lymphopenia, inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and metabolomic abnormalities instead of patients who evolved towards clinical improvement.

Patients with paired baseline and post treatment (day 7 ± 3) serum samples are represented (n = 18). The measured parameters include total lymphocyte counts (A) as well as the concentrations of IL18 (B), IL10 (C) and tryptophan (D). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare paired baseline and post treatment measures and Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare baseline or day 7 (±3) measures between patients with response or no response. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.