Fig. 3: Protective effects of NR on H2O2-induced cellular damage of 661w cells.

a–c Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. a NR increased cell viability of 661w cells (n = 6). b Attenuation of H2O2-induced decrease of cell viability after NR pretreatment (n ≥ 3). c The effect of 1 mmol/L NR pretreatment on 661w cells incubated with 600 μmol/L H2O2 for 2–24 h (n = 5). d, e Staining of nuclei by Hoechst 33342 showed cell survival (n = 6). f, g Immunoblotting analysis of Bcl-2 in 661w cells. The relative expression of Bcl-2 was normalized to the loading control (n = 3). h, i Inhibition of 600 μmol/L H2O2-induced ROS generation after 1 mmol/L NR pretreatment (n = 4). j Representative images of staining of Mitotracker (red) of 661w cells showed the mitochondrial mass, with the nuclei counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). k Mitochondrial mass was analyzed by Image J, the intensity ratio of mitochondria/nuclei was calculated and compared among control, H2O2 and NR + H2O2 groups. NR attenuated H2O2-induced impairment of mitochondrial mass (n = 6). l 1 mmol/L NR pretreatment inhibited the 600 μmol/L H2O2-induced decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (n = 5). Data are shown as mean. Scale bar: 100 μm.