Fig. 6: Schematic representation of the events that take place in 661W cells with H2O2.

Upon H2O2 treatment, the mitochondria damaged by ROS overproduction and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. This led to 661W cell death due to oxidative stress. However, at the same time, the mtUPR and PINK1-Parkin induced mitophagy are activated to respond to the mitochondrial damage, which had protective functions for cellular survival.