Fig. 7: A working model shows that α7-nAChRs play a role in switching from autophagy to apoptosis in cartilage degradation of osteoarthritis (OA).

In OA, some factors such as inflammatory cytokines can cause phosphorylation of mTOR in chondrocytes and switch autophagy to Bax/Bcl2/caspase-3‒mediated mitochondrial apoptosis, resulting in cartilage degradation. Activation of α7-nAChRs could inhibit the phosphorylation of mTOR, promote autophagic flux, and prevent cartilage degradation.