Fig. 4: PAD4 deficiency ameliorates intestinal barrier injury and alleviates intestinal inflammation and ER stress activation in septic shock. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 4: PAD4 deficiency ameliorates intestinal barrier injury and alleviates intestinal inflammation and ER stress activation in septic shock.

From: Neutrophil extracellular traps impair intestinal barrier functions in sepsis by regulating TLR9-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway

Fig. 4

A Intestinal water content was measured to analyze intestinal edema. B Mice (n = 6) in each group were fasted for 4 h and then administered FD4. Plasma FD4 was measured to evaluate in vivo permeability. C IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in intestinal specimens were analyzed by ELISA. D Representative images of intestinal histology (HE staining) and histopathological scores (Chiu’s score) of the intestine after endotoxin shock. Scale bars = 50 μm. E, F Protein levels of tight junctions (claudin 1 and occludin), ER stress biomarker (BIP), and apoptotic signaling molecules (caspase 3 and Bcl-2) in intestinal tissue were assessed by western blotting. G Real-time PCR showing the variation in xBP1-s and xBP1-un mRNA expression in intestines. H ROS generation assessed by DCFH-DA assay. PAD4 peptidylarginine deiminase 4, ER endoplasmic reticulum, ROS reactive oxygen species. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

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