Fig. 7: SHH signaling pathway is downregulated in ALS.

a–d Analysis of SHH (a), PTCH1 (b), SMO (c), and GLI1 (d) expression levels in spinal cord biopsies of human healthy control (HC) and ALS patients; data are shown as standard box-and-whiskers of n = 10 HC and n = 10 ALS subjects; *p-value < 0.05 versus HC; two-sided Student’s t-test. e Interaction network of six selected genes (i.e. query) of SHH signaling pathway (in red) and the top-20 interactors genes (in white); interactions are shown as based on curated databases (red lines) or experimentally determined (black lines). f Enrichment KEGG analysis of genes showed in panel (e); significant pathways related to SHH signaling in humans are shown as −log of false discovery rate (FDR).