Fig. 4: Identification of DEGs and biological function enrichment analysis in the merged dataset.

A Volcano plots of DEGs in the merged dataset. Red dots represent upregulated DEGs (371), and blue dots represent downregulated DEGs (422). B Heatmap of the DEGs showing a significant distinction between cachectic mice and control mice. C–E. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs in terms of biological process (C), molecular function (D), and cellular component (E). F KEGG pathway mapping of DEGs. Red indicates upregulated pathways, blue indicates downregulated pathways. G, H. The circle map depicts the linkages of genes and KEGG pathways of upregulated (G) and downregulated (H) genes in cachectic muscle compared with control muscle.