Fig. 5: SIRT1 restores CCA growth and metastasis independently of USP22 in vitro.

A–D Cell lines of RBE-shUSP22, RBE-shControl, RBE-shUSP22+EV and RBE-shUSP22 + SIRT1 or QBC939-shUSP22, QBC939-shControl, QBC939-shUSP22 + SIRT1 and QBC939-shUSP22+EV were grown for the assay of cell proliferation by CCK-8 (A). They were also prepared for assays of apoptosis by FACS (B), and transwell migration/invasion as shown in Fig. 2(C–D). All data shown are presented as the mean ± SD (*p < 0.05, n = 3). E–F Cell lines mentioned above were also cultured and the lysates were prepared for immunoblotting analysis with antibodies to SIRT1, USP22, p-Akt and p-ERK1/2, Bax, Bcl-2, E-cadherin, vimentin and GAPDH. All data shown are representative of three independent experiments.