Table 2 The aberrant change of trans-regulation splicing factors in colorectal cancer.

From: Alternative splicing of mRNA in colorectal cancer: new strategies for tumor diagnosis and treatment

Trans-regulation factor	Classification	Alteration	Aberrant mechanism	Splicing target	Product change	Splicing effect	Referrence
SRSF1	SRs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	DBF4B	Full-length DBF4B upregulated	DBF4B exon6 inclusion	[54]
SRSF1	SRs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	HNRPLL	HNRPLL-E12A RNA upregulated	HNRPLL with Exon12a	[55]
SRSF3	SRs	Upregulated	–	PDCD4	PDCD4 AS-1 upregulated	Part of exons 2 and 3 skipping	[56]
SRSF3	SRs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	PKM	PKM1/PKM2 upregulated	PKM1(exon 9 inclusion)	[57]
PTBP1	hnRNPs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	PKM	PKM1/PKM2 downregulated	PKM2(exon 10 inclusion)	[57, 63,64,65,66, 133]
hnRNPA1	hnRNPs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	PKM	PKM1/PKM2 upregulated		[57]
SRSF3	SRs	Upregulated	Protein stability upregulation	MAP4K4	Isoforms 2 and 5 upregulated	Exon16 inclusion	[58]
SRSF6	SRs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	ZO-1	ZO-1 E23− (exon23 skipping) variants upregulated	Exon 23 skipping	[59]
SRSF7	SRs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	FAS	FAS-S: short isoform of exon 6 skipping	Exon 6 skipping	[60]
SRSF10	SRs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	BCLAF1	BCLAF1-L(exon5a inclusion) upregulated	Exon5a inclusion	[61]
hnRNPK	hnRNPs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	MRPL33	MRPL33-long isoform upregulation	Exon 3 inclusion	[62]
hnRNPLL	hnRNPs	Downregulated	Transcriptiondownregulation	CD44	Cd44v6 (variable exon 6) upregulated	Exon v6 inclusion	[96]
PTBP1	hnRNPs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	RAC1	RAC1 isoform b upregulated	Exon 3b inclusion	[64]
PTBP1	hnRNPs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	NUMB	NUMB Isoform 1 upregulated	Exon 9 inclusion	[64]
ESRP2	Other splicing regulator	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	ITGA6	ITGA6A upregulated	Exon 25 skipping	[115]
EFTUD2	spliceosome	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	MyD88	MYD88 long isoform upregulated	Full-length (containing intermediate domain)	[52]
EFTUD2	spliceosome	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	MD-2	MD-2A long isoform upregulated	Full-length (contain the first 54 bases of exon 3)	[52]
RBM4	Other splicing regulator	Downregulated	Transcription downregulation	PTB	nPTB upregulated	Exon 10 inclusion	[68]
RBM4	Other splicing regulator	Downregulated	Transcription downregulation	NOVA1	Nova1(-4) upregulated	Exon 4 skipping	[69]
TRA2β, SRSF1	SRs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	BCL2	BCL2α upregulated	Exon 3 skipping	[77]
PRPF6	spliceosome	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	ZAK	ZAK-LF isoform upregulated	Exon 12 inclusion	[134]
hnRNP L	hnRNPs	Upregulated	Transcription upregulation	CEACAM1	CEACAM1-L upregulated	Exon 7 inclusion	[93]
hnRNP A1	hnRNPs	HOXB-AS3 peptide binds to hnRNP A1	Decreasing HOXB-AS3 binding to hnRNP A1	PKM	PKM2 upregulated	Exon 10 inclusion	[72]
hnRNPA1	hnRNPs	Phosphorylation of hnRNPA1 upregulated	Phosphorylation of Ser6 of hnRNPA1 enhanced by S6K2	PKM	PKM2 upregulated	Exon 10 inclusion	[71]
PHF5A	spliceosome	PHF5A K29 acetylation	PHF5A K29 acetylation increased by p300	KDM3A	Intron3 retetion KDM3A variant downregulated	Intron 3 retention	[70]

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Table 2 The aberrant change of trans-regulation splicing factors in colorectal cancer.

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